Beyond the Injury: Unpacking the Science and Psychology Behind Chronic Pain

March 2, 2023

Injuries are a common occurrence in life, whether they are caused by accidents, sports, or repetitive strain. While most injuries heal with time, some can become chronic and persistent, causing ongoing pain and discomfort. One factor that can contribute to the development of chronic injuries is fear.

How does fear contribute to chronic injuries?

When we experience an injury, it is natural to feel fear and anxiety. We may worry about the pain, the recovery process, and the impact the injury will have on our daily life. These emotions can trigger a stress response in our bodies, releasing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol that can exacerbate pain and inflammation.

What are avoidance behaviors?

Additionally, fear can lead to avoidance behaviors, such as avoiding physical activity or movement that might aggravate the injury. While this may seem like a rational response, it can actually be counterproductive. Avoidance can lead to deconditioning, where the injured area becomes weaker and less flexible, making it more vulnerable to further injury and pain. Avoidance also sends "danger" signals to the brain, which feeds into the fear cycle.

The fear-pain-fear loop

Furthermore, the fear and anxiety associated with an injury can create a negative feedback loop. The fear of pain can cause us to tense up and brace against movement, which can cause more pain and lead to more fear. This can become a self-perpetuating cycle, where the fear and tension amplify the pain, making it more difficult to break the cycle and restore normal movement.

Central sensitization of the nervous system

Over time, these patterns can contribute to the development of chronic pain and disability. The brain can become sensitized to pain signals, making them more intense and persistent, even after the initial injury has healed. This can lead to a condition called central sensitization, where the nervous system becomes hyper-responsive to pain signals.

So, how can we overcome fear and prevent it from contributing to chronic pain?

Mind-body practitioner

One way is to work with a mind-body practitioner who specializes in pain recovery. They can help identify any fear-avoidance behaviors and develop a plan to gradually reintroduce activities and movements in a safe and controlled manner. They can also provide techniques to manage stress and anxiety, such as mindfulness meditation or deep breathing exercises.

Movement and exercise

Physical therapy – when needed – and exercise can also be helpful for chronic injuries. A physical therapist or a trainer can provide exercises and stretches to improve strength, flexibility, and balance. Most importantly, this approach will get you moving and trusting your body’s abilities to heal.

In summary, fear can play a significant role in the development of chronic pain after an injury. By understanding how fear contributes to chronic pain, we can take steps to overcome it and promote healing. With the right guidance and expert knowledge, it is possible to break the cycle of fear and chronic pain and restore normal function and mobility.